How to Know when Someone Likes You. Knowing whether or not someone likes you can be difficult. If you're afraid to ask them, there are a few things you can look out for that may be signs the other person is into you. Understand body.
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Facebook. Twitter27,606Trust is the foundation of any successful relationship, whether professionally or personally and when it’s broken, it is extremely hard to repair. I once had a supervisor if I was over one minute on my lunch time, she would send an email to remind me of my lunch hours, even though most of the time I never took my full lunch hour. I couldn't even send an email without her approving it first. She was so inflexible that it was overbearing.
I couldn't trust her. When employees feel they can’t trust their boss, they feel unsafe, like no one has their back, and then spend more energy on survival than performing at their job.The corporate world is littered with such micromanagers. Sadly many organizations prefer these managers because they seem to be on top of, and in control of everything. In the short term, they may produce results but in the long run they leave a trail of destruction in their path. “It doesn't make sense to hire smart people and then tell them what to do. We hire smart people so they can tell us what to do.” ― Steve Jobs 5 Damaging Effects of Micromanagement1.Decreased Productivity - When a manager is constantly looking over their employees’ shoulders, it can lead to a lot of second-guessing and paranoia, and ultimately leads to dependent employees. Additionally, such managers spends a lot of time giving input and tweaking employee workflows, which can drastically slow down employee response time.2.
Reduced Innovation - When employees feel like their ideas are invalid or live in constant fear of criticism, it’s eventually going to take a toll on creativity. In cultures where risk-taking is punished, employees will not dare to take the initiative. Why think outside the box when your manager is only going to shoot down your ideas and tell you to do it their way?
Lower Morale - Employees want the feeling of autonomy. If employees cannot make decisions at all without their managers input, they will feel suffocated. Employees that are constantly made to feel they can’t do anything right may try harder for a while, but will eventually stop trying at all. The effects of this will be evident in falling employee engagement levels.4. High Staff Turnover - Most people don’t take well to being micromanaged. When talented employees are micromanaged, they often do one thing; quit.
No one likes to come to work every day and feel they are walking into a penitentiary with their every movement being monitored. 'Please Micromanage Me' Said No Employee ever. I have never seen a happy staff under micromanagement.5. Loss of Trust - Micromanagement will eventually lead to a massive breakdown of trust. It demotivates and demoralizes employees. Your staff will no longer see you as a manager, but a oppressor whose only job is to make their working experience miserable.
“Please Micromanage Me” Said No Employee, EVER.Micromanagement is a complete waste of everybody’s time. It sucks the life out of employees, fosters anxiety and creates a high stress work environment. If you hired someone, it means you believe they are capable of doing the job, then trust them to get it done. A high level of trust between managers and employees defines the best workplaces and drives overall company performance. When you empower employees, you promote vested interest in the company. How can you empower others? Understand their strengths, support and utilize these strengths.
An empowered workforce is more engaged. Engaged employees drive higher customer satisfaction and boost the bottom line. A Gallup study concluded that companies with higher-than-average employee engagement also had 27% higher profits, 50% higher sales and 50% higher customer loyalty.Empowered employees are more confident, more willing to go the extra mile for employers, and more willing do whatever it takes to care for customers. In this volatile global marketplace, happy loyal employees are your biggest competitive advantage. If you want performance at scale: Select the right people, provide them with the proper training, tools and support, and then give them room to get the job done!
3D tsunami animationA tsunami (from: 津波, 'harbour wave';English pronunciation: or ) or tidal wave, also known as a seismic sea wave, is a series of waves in a water body caused by the displacement of a large volume of water, generally in an ocean or a., and other (including detonations, landslides, and other disturbances) above or below water all have the potential to generate a tsunami. Unlike normal, or, which are generated by the gravitational pull of the Moon and the Sun, a tsunami is generated by the displacement of water.Tsunami waves do not resemble normal undersea currents or because their wavelength is far longer. Rather than appearing as a breaking wave, a tsunami may instead initially resemble a rapidly rising. For this reason, it is often referred to as a 'tidal wave', although this usage is not favoured by the scientific community because it might give the false impression of a causal relationship between tides and tsunamis.
Tsunamis generally consist of a series of waves, with ranging from minutes to hours, arriving in a so-called '. Wave heights of tens of metres can be generated by large events. Although the impact of tsunamis is limited to coastal areas, their destructive power can be enormous, and they can affect entire ocean basins. The was among the deadliest natural disasters in human history, with at least 230,000 people killed or missing in 14 countries bordering the.The historian suggested in his 5th century BC that tsunamis were related to, but the understanding of tsunamis remained slim until the 20th century and much remains unknown. Major areas of current research include determining why some large earthquakes do not generate tsunamis while other smaller ones do; accurately forecasting the passage of tsunamis across the oceans; and forecasting how tsunami waves interact with shorelines. Tsunami aftermath in, December 2004.Tsunamis are sometimes referred to as tidal waves.
This once-popular term derives from the most common appearance of a tsunami, which is that of an extraordinarily high. Tsunamis and tides both produce waves of water that move inland, but in the case of a tsunami, the inland movement of water may be much greater, giving the impression of an incredibly high and forceful tide. In recent years, the term 'tidal wave' has fallen out of favour, especially in the scientific community, because the causes of tsunamis have nothing to do with those of, which are produced by the gravitational pull of the moon and sun rather than the displacement of water. Although the meanings of 'tidal' include 'resembling' or 'having the form or character of' the tides, use of the term tidal wave is discouraged by geologists and oceanographers.A 1969 episode of the TV crime show entitled 'Forty Feet High And It Kills!' Used the terms 'tsunami' and 'tidal wave' interchangeably. Seismic sea waveThe term seismic sea wave also is used to refer to the phenomenon, because the waves most often are generated by activity such as earthquakes.
Prior to the rise of the use of the term tsunami in English, scientists generally encouraged the use of the term seismic sea wave rather than tidal wave. However, like tsunami, seismic sea wave is not a completely accurate term, as forces other than earthquakes – including underwater, volcanic eruptions, underwater explosions, land or ice into the ocean, impacts, and the weather when the atmospheric pressure changes very rapidly – can generate such waves by displacing water.
In November 1755.While Japan may have the longest recorded history of tsunamis, the sheer destruction caused by the event mark it as the most devastating of its kind in modern times, killing around 230,000 people. The Sumatran region is also accustomed to tsunamis, with earthquakes of varying magnitudes regularly occurring off the coast of the island.Tsunamis are an often underestimated hazard in the and parts of Europe. Of historical and current (with regard to risk assumptions) importance are the (which was caused by the ), the, each causing several tens of thousands of deaths and the and tsunami. The tsunami claimed more than 123,000 lives in Sicily and Calabria and is among the most deadly natural disasters in modern Europe. The in the Norwegian Sea and some examples of refer to landslide and predominantly and less to earthquake-induced waves.the historian inquired in his book about the causes of tsunami, and was the first to argue that ocean earthquakes must be the cause.The cause, in my opinion, of this phenomenon must be sought in the earthquake. At the point where its shock has been the most violent the sea is driven back, and suddenly recoiling with redoubled force, causes the inundation.
Without an earthquake I do not see how such an accident could happen.The historian ( Res Gestae 26.10.15–19) described the typical sequence of a tsunami, including an incipient earthquake, the sudden retreat of the sea and a following gigantic wave, after the devastated. CausesThe principal generation mechanism (or cause) of a tsunami is the displacement of a substantial volume of water or perturbation of the sea. This displacement of water is usually attributed to either earthquakes, landslides, volcanic eruptions, glacier calvings or more rarely by meteorites and nuclear tests. SeismicityTsunami can be generated when the sea floor abruptly deforms and vertically displaces the overlying water. Tectonic earthquakes are a particular kind of earthquake that are associated with the Earth's crustal deformation; when these earthquakes occur beneath the sea, the water above the deformed area is displaced from its equilibrium position.
More specifically, a tsunami can be generated when associated with or destructive move abruptly, resulting in water displacement, owing to the vertical component of movement involved. Movement on can also cause displacement of the seabed, but only the largest of such events (typically related to flexure in the ) cause enough displacement to give rise to a significant tsunami, such as the and events. The energy released produces tsunami waves.Tsunamis have a small (wave height) offshore, and a very long (often hundreds of kilometres long, whereas normal ocean waves have a wavelength of only 30 or 40 metres), which is why they generally pass unnoticed at sea, forming only a slight swell usually about 300 millimetres (12 in) above the normal sea surface. They grow in height when they reach shallower water, in a process described below. A tsunami can occur in any tidal state and even at low tide can still inundate coastal areas.On April 1, 1946, the 8.6 M w occurred with a maximum of VI ( Strong). It generated a tsunami which inundated on the island of Hawaii with a 14-metre high (46 ft) surge. Between 165 and 173 were killed.
The area where the earthquake occurred is where the floor is (or being pushed downwards) under Alaska.Examples of tsunami originating at locations away from convergent boundaries include about 8,000 years ago, 1929, 1998 (Tappin, 2001). The Grand Banks and Papua New Guinea tsunamis came from earthquakes which destabilised sediments, causing them to flow into the ocean and generate a tsunami. They dissipated before travelling transoceanic distances.The cause of the Storegga sediment failure is unknown. Possibilities include an overloading of the sediments, an earthquake or a release of gas hydrates (methane etc.).The ( 9.5), ( M w 9.2), ( M w 9.2), and ( M w9.0) are recent examples of powerful that generated tsunamis (known as ) that can cross entire oceans.
Smaller ( M w 4.2) earthquakes in Japan can trigger tsunamis (called local and regional tsunamis) that can devastate stretches of coastline, but can do so in only a few minutes at a time.LandslidesIn the 1950s, it was discovered that larger tsunamis than had previously been believed possible could be caused by giant. These rapidly displace large water volumes, as energy transfers to the water at a rate faster than the water can absorb. Their existence was confirmed in 1958, when a giant landslide in, Alaska, caused the highest wave ever recorded, which had a height of 524 metres (over 1700 feet). The wave did not travel far, as it struck land almost immediately. Two people fishing in the bay were killed, but another boat managed to ride the wave.Another landslide-tsunami event occurred in 1963 when a massive landslide from entered the in Italy. The resulting wave surged over the 262 m (860 ft) high dam by 250 metres (820 ft) and destroyed several towns. Around 2,000 people died.
Scientists named these waves.Some geologists claim that large landslides from volcanic islands, e.g. On in the, may be able to generate megatsunamis that can cross oceans, but this is disputed by many others.In general, landslides generate displacements mainly in the shallower parts of the coastline, and there is conjecture about the nature of large landslides that enter the water. This has been shown to subsequently affect water in enclosed bays and lakes, but a landslide large enough to cause a transoceanic tsunami has not occurred within recorded history. Susceptible locations are believed to be the of, in the, in the, and on the island of in the; along with other volcanic ocean islands. This is because large masses of relatively unconsolidated volcanic material occurs on the flanks and in some cases detachment planes are believed to be developing. However, there is growing controversy about how dangerous these slopes actually are.
Main article:Some conditions, especially rapid changes in barometric pressure, as seen with the passing of a front, can displace bodies of water enough to cause trains of waves with wavelengths comparable to seismic tsunamis, but usually with lower energies. These are essentially dynamically equivalent to seismic tsunamis, the only differences being that meteotsunamis lack the transoceanic reach of significant seismic tsunamis and that the force that displaces the water is sustained over some length of time such that meteotsunamis can't be modelled as having been caused instantaneously.
In spite of their lower energies, on shorelines where they can be amplified by resonance, they are sometimes powerful enough to cause localised damage and potential for loss of life. They have been documented in many places, including the Great Lakes, the Aegean Sea, the English Channel, and the Balearic Islands, where they are common enough to have a local name, rissaga. In Sicily they are called marubbio and in Nagasaki Bay, they are called abiki.
Some examples of destructive meteotsunamis include 31 March 1979 at Nagasaki and 15 June 2006 at Menorca, the latter causing damage in the tens of millions of euros.Meteotsunamis should not be confused with, which are local increases in sea level associated with the low barometric pressure of passing tropical cyclones, nor should they be confused with setup, the temporary local raising of sea level caused by strong on-shore winds. Storm surges and setup are also dangerous causes of coastal flooding in severe weather but their dynamics are completely unrelated to tsunami waves. They are unable to propagate beyond their sources, as waves do.Man-made or triggered tsunamis. See also:There have been studies of the potential of the induction of and at least one actual attempt to create tsunami waves as a.In World War II, the initiated, which attempted to create small tsunamis with explosives in the area of today's; the attempt failed.There has been considerable speculation on the possibility of using to cause tsunamis near an enemy coastline. Even during consideration of the idea using conventional explosives was explored.
Nuclear testing in the by the United States seemed to generate poor results. Operation Crossroads fired two 20 kilotonnes of TNT (84 TJ) bombs, one in the air and one underwater, above and below the shallow (50 m (160 ft)) waters of the lagoon. Fired about 6 km (3.7 mi) from the nearest island, the waves there were no higher than 3–4 m (9.8–13.1 ft) upon reaching the shoreline. Other underwater tests, mainly /Wahoo (deep water) and Hardtack I/Umbrella (shallow water) confirmed the results. Analysis of the effects of and indicate that the energy of the explosions doesn't easily generate the kind of deep, all-ocean waveforms which are tsunamis; most of the energy creates steam, causes vertical fountains above the water, and creates compressional waveforms.
Tsunamis are hallmarked by permanent large vertical displacements of very large volumes of water which do not occur in explosions.Characteristics. The wave further slows and amplifies as it hits land. Only the largest waves crest.Tsunamis cause damage by two mechanisms: the smashing force of a wall of water travelling at high speed, and the destructive power of a large volume of water draining off the land and carrying a large amount of debris with it, even with waves that do not appear to be large.While everyday have a (from crest to crest) of about 100 metres (330 ft) and a height of roughly 2 metres (6.6 ft), a tsunami in the deep ocean has a much larger wavelength of up to 200 kilometres (120 mi). Such a wave travels at well over 800 kilometres per hour (500 mph), but owing to the enormous wavelength the wave oscillation at any given point takes 20 or 30 minutes to complete a cycle and has an amplitude of only about 1 metre (3.3 ft).
This makes tsunamis difficult to detect over deep water, where ships are unable to feel their passage.The velocity of a tsunami can be calculated by obtaining the square root of the depth of the water in metres multiplied by the acceleration due to gravity (approximated to 10 m/s 2). For example, if the Pacific Ocean is considered to have a depth of 5000 metres, the velocity of a tsunami would be the square root of √(5000 × 10) = √50000 = 224 metres per second (735 feet per second), which equates to a speed of 806 kilometres per hour or about 500 miles per hour. This is the formula used for calculating the velocity of waves. Even the deep ocean is shallow in this sense because a tsunami wave is so long (horizontally from crest to crest) by comparison.The reason for the Japanese name 'harbour wave' is that sometimes a village's would sail out, and encounter no unusual waves while out at sea fishing, and come back to land to find their village devastated by a huge wave.As the tsunami approaches the coast and the waters become shallow, compresses the wave and its speed decreases below 80 kilometres per hour (50 mph). Its wavelength diminishes to less than 20 kilometres (12 mi) and its amplitude grows enormously – in accord with. Since the wave still has the same very long, the tsunami may take minutes to reach full height.
Except for the very largest tsunamis, the approaching wave does not, but rather appears like a fast-moving. Open bays and coastlines adjacent to very deep water may shape the tsunami further into a step-like wave with a steep-breaking front.When the tsunami's wave peak reaches the shore, the resulting temporary rise in sea level is termed run up. Run up is measured in metres above a reference sea level. A large tsunami may feature multiple waves arriving over a period of hours, with significant time between the wave crests. The first wave to reach the shore may not have the highest run-up.About 80% of tsunamis occur in the Pacific Ocean, but they are possible wherever there are large bodies of water, including lakes. They are caused by earthquakes, landslides, volcanic explosions, glacier calvings,. Diagram showing several measures to describe a tsunami size, including height, inundation and run-up.Several terms are used to describe the different characteristics of tsunami in terms of their height:.
Amplitude, Wave Height, or Tsunami Height: Amplitude of Tsunami refers to its height relative to the normal sea level. Tsunami warning signDrawbacks can serve as a brief warning. People who observe drawback (many survivors report an accompanying sucking sound), can survive only if they immediately run for high ground or seek the upper floors of nearby buildings. In 2004, ten-year-old of, England, was on in, Thailand with her parents and sister, and having learned about tsunamis recently in school, told her family that a tsunami might be imminent. Her parents warned others minutes before the wave arrived, saving dozens of lives. She credited her geography teacher, Andrew Kearney.In the drawback was not reported on the African coast or any other east-facing coasts that it reached.
This was because the wave moved downwards on the eastern side of the fault line and upwards on the western side. The western pulse hit coastal Africa and other western areas.A tsunami cannot be precisely predicted, even if the magnitude and location of an earthquake is known., and analyse each earthquake and based on many factors may or may not issue a tsunami warning.
However, there are some warning signs of an impending tsunami, and automated systems can provide warnings immediately after an earthquake in time to save lives. One of the most successful systems uses bottom pressure sensors, attached to buoys, which constantly monitor the pressure of the overlying water column.Regions with a high tsunami risk typically use to warn the population before the wave reaches land. On the west coast of the United States, which is prone to Pacific Ocean tsunami, warning signs indicate evacuation routes. In Japan, the community is well-educated about earthquakes and tsunamis, and along the Japanese shorelines the tsunami warning signs are reminders of the natural hazards together with a network of warning sirens, typically at the top of the cliff of surroundings hills.The is based in,. It monitors Pacific Ocean seismic activity. A sufficiently large earthquake magnitude and other information triggers a tsunami warning.
While the subduction zones around the Pacific are seismically active, not all earthquakes generate a tsunami. Computers assist in analysing the tsunami risk of every earthquake that occurs in the Pacific Ocean and the adjoining land masses. One of the deep water used in the tsunami warning systemcan predict tsunami arrival, usually within minutes of the arrival time. Bottom pressure sensors can relay information in. Based on these pressure readings and other seismic information and the seafloor's shape and coastal, the models estimate the amplitude and surge height of the approaching tsunami.
All countries collaborate in the Tsunami Warning System and most regularly practise evacuation and other procedures. In Japan, such preparation is mandatory for government, local authorities, emergency services and the population.Some zoologists hypothesise that some animal species have an ability to sense subsonic from an earthquake or a tsunami.
If correct, monitoring their behaviour could provide advance warning of earthquakes, tsunami etc. However, the evidence is controversial and is not widely accepted. There are unsubstantiated claims about the Lisbon quake that some animals escaped to higher ground, while many other animals in the same areas drowned. The phenomenon was also noted by media sources in in the. It is possible that certain animals (e.g., ) may have heard the sounds of the tsunami as it approached the coast. The elephants' reaction was to move away from the approaching noise. By contrast, some humans went to the shore to investigate and many drowned as a result.Along the United States west coast, in addition to sirens, warnings are sent on television and radio via the, using the.Forecast of tsunami attack probabilityKunihiko Shimazaki , a leading member of the Earthquake Research Committee at The Headquarters for Earthquake Research Promotion in Japan, has mentioned an idea for instituting a system of public education regarding the probability of tsunami risk; such a system was announced by Shimazaki at the in May 2011.
The forecast would include a detection for environmental risk, including proposed tsunami height, danger areas prone to tsunamis, and overall occurrence probability. The forecast would integrate the scientific knowledge of recent with information gathered from the. Per the announcement, a plan was due to be put in place by 2014; however, reliable forecasting of earthquake and tsunami probability is still unavailable. Shimazaki acknowledged that, given the current literature on the topic, tsunami probability warnings are just as, if not more, difficult to predict than earthquake risk probability.Mitigation. A at, JapanIn some tsunami-prone countries, measures have been taken to reduce the damage caused onshore., where tsunami science and response measures first began following a, has produced ever-more elaborate countermeasures and response plans.
The country has built many tsunami walls of up to 12 metres (39 ft) high to protect populated coastal areas. Other localities have built of up to 15.5 metres (51 ft) high and channels to redirect the water from an incoming tsunami. However, their effectiveness has been questioned, as tsunami often overtop the barriers.The was directly triggered by the, when waves exceeded the height of the plant's sea wall., which is an area at high risk from tsunami, had tsunami barriers walls totalling 25 kilometres (16 mi) long at coastal towns. The 2011 tsunami toppled more than 50% of the walls and caused catastrophic damage.The which struck of within two to five minutes of the, created waves as much as 30 metres (100 ft) tall—as high as a 10-storey building. The port town of Aonae was completely surrounded by a tsunami wall, but the waves washed right over the wall and destroyed all the wood-framed structures in the area. The wall may have succeeded in slowing down and moderating the height of the tsunami, but it did not prevent major destruction and loss of life.